Varicose veins (varices) is a chronic disease in which the veins are file extensions node, which occurs simultaneously with the violation of blood circulation and stasis within the venous system. Varicose veins, the symptoms, which develop in accordance with the effects of a number of predisposing causes, manifested in the form of development characteristic of the protrusions are large, complex and thick veins, affecting the lower extremities, because it is this area of the lesion and will be discussed in our today's article.
Varicose veins are not uncommon. Thus, in accordance with various data, it is possible to divide the average value of the frequency of occurrence of this disease according to gender. So, about 89%, while varicose veins legs face women and about 66% were men, these indicators are particularly relevant in developed countries. Inside a large-scale study in Edinburgh in 1999, revealed that varicose veins, it is important that women by 40% and 32% of men. Based on the study in Moscow in 2004 found that chronic disease, where the lesions of the veins of the lower extremities, it is important that 50% of men and 67% women. Approximately the same picture was obtained from the research on the Kamchatka Peninsula a few years later. Remarkably, in recent years, increasingly considered the pathology of the diagnosed among school-age children.
In addition to those already noticed the reader a tendency for women to develop varicose veins of the lower extremities, you can also add that age also works as a special factor. So, after 45 years of Developing varicose veins is much more likely, although, again, the former's younger age is a disease to exclude is, unfortunately, also is not necessary.
In particular, in this section we will acquaint you with the peculiarities of the mechanism that determines the basis for the development of varicose veins. As releaser considered a violation sufficient to work the venous valves of the appearance of reverse blood flow, it is defined as gastroesophageal reflux. Inside the cell level has caused such a breach in the physiological imbalance that occurs between collagen, elastic fibers of the venous wall and muscular cells.
In the early stages, the availability of risk factors at the genetic level, and when exposed to the trigger factors (as one of them, for example, can mean long-term stay in the upright position, etc.) it is well known that the slowing of venous blood flow. It is accompanied by a change in parameters, such as shear stress, which means a combination of several indicators of the movement of the blood vessel, this parameter, in turn, react to the endothelium. Remember that Generally, the endothelium is a single layer, the layer on the basis of flat-type cells mezenhimnogo origin, which offers vystlannye the inner surface of lymphatic and blood vessels and the heart cavities. The reaction of endothelial cells occur in all of these changes, which runs a similar reaction mechanism, it is called "leukocyte rolling".
Currently, it is not entirely clear, the interaction of white blood cells, anchored to the endothelium, however, they seem to "skate" along its surface. Long-term action provoking factor is quite robust, that it attach to endothelial cells, which is based on the activation of the inflammatory process. This process is shared via the venous bed of the lower extremities, causing thereby dysfunction of endothelial cells, gradually, the venous wall through their entire thickness. Especially fast this process develops under conditions of venous valves, they are characterized by a special vulnerability of exposure to mechanical load.
Originally had loss of the ones from valve, which is subjected to a large mechanical load. Abnormal ejection of blood in this case is performed through the mouth, the small and great saphenous veins, in some embodiments, the pathological process, it is through the large vein. Because of the appear superficial veins extra blood volume, the venous wall is gradually exposed to hyperextension. As a result, blood within the environment of the superficial venous channels of the total amount begins to accumulate, and then, in growing number, still leaking blood through the large veins deep in the system development against the background of the effects of swelling. This, in turn, provokes dilation of the large veins (e.g., extensions to them) together with the valvular insufficiency.
The work of the venous muscle pump with drop of blood under the skin of the network, which occurs through the lost importance of the viability of the large veins. This leads to the so-called "horizontal reflux", because the formation, which in turn reduces the ejection fraction at the time of the systole of the venous muscle pump (combined with the removal process at a certain stage, the blood in the aorta at the appropriate state of the heart muscle during a heartbeat). The surface-direction, while the excess amount of blood. The background of these processes the efficiency of the venous muscle pump is lost.
To develop a dynamic form of venous hypertension, where walking is accompanied by a reduction of pressure such figures, which provide adequate perfusion (this is the passage) of blood through tissue. This image is the pathological course of the disease, because this will develop venous insufficiency chronic in the form of its manifestation. She initially accompanied by the appearance of swelling, and then in hypodermis and begin to get elements of the blood, such as leukocytes and erythrocytes, which has already lead to hyperpigmentation. Still maintaining the actual violations concerning the stasis of the blood and microcirculation, as well as their deepening leads to destruction of the skin followed by formation of trophic ulcers.
Any diseases traditionally their account accompanied by the release of reasons and factors, that act triggers, and varicose veins are definitely the exception in this case is not. Heredity, as well as the contribution that it will make the development of this disease at the moment by far the experts have published. It is known that some families of several generations may face with this disease, but at the moment it is accepted to consider that the prevailing factors for the development of the disease, characteristics, nutrition, hormones, and way of life of the patients.
One of the most important factors, for example, is too fat.In addition, the increase in such diseases as varicose veins, increase proportionately with the increase in patient severity of this factor, i.e. the increase of the degree of obesity. Quite often, such as obesity-related factors are lack of exercise coupled with poor diet (or are considered without regard to them). In addition, industrial countries are now characterized by the predominance in the diet of the population of products with a high degree of processing, which, however, is not always coupled with adequate consumption of fiber. It vegetarian of fiber include fruits and raw vegetables offer sufficient strengthening the walls of blood vessels. At the same time they have provided an exception by the appropriate processes for such problems, such as the development of chronic constipation, when it is constipation is one of the main reasons for the increase in intra-abdominal pressure and the development of varicose veins in the background.
Features of workflow and also play an important role in the development of varicose veins. Taking into account that a large part of our time passes a professional of a certain position (standing or sitting, which has caused part of the professional activities, for example), it is reasonable to emphasize the importance of a negative impact, because this is the valve device of the veins. Not less unfavorable background for the development of the disease is considered heavy work activity, in which the load is applied incorrectly (for example, activities related to heavy lifting), which is also detrimental to the lower limbs. It is also noted that as the role for the effect of the valve apparatus veins and several crossings and flights, because they are also associated with the development of stagnation in the veins in the legs the blood, which consequently increases the risk of venous diseases.
Next is to highlight the role of elements of the wardrobe in the development of varicose veins. For example, in accordance with the fashion trends of very few people need to think about what might be wrong with underwear. Not entirely true, normal, and close, and its task is in particular the effect of the veins, inguinal folds. Wearing a corset provoked by increased intra-abdominal pressure, which consequently determine the significance of the recommendations as part of the permanent taken wearing them. And finally, the shoes. In connection with varicose veins it is important to take into account, that high heels are harmful, because each load, such as hazardous and shoes, uncomfortable insole.
During pregnancy, because the pregnancy is repeated, is considered a proven risk factor for subsequent development of venous diseases. Due to the increase of the uterus is subject, to increase intra-abdominal pressure, and because of the influence of the hormone progesterone have a negative impact on the area of vein wall, which in the context is the destruction of elastic and collagen fibers.
On the background of certain diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, etc.), similar to pregnancy can alter the hormonal status of the patient, why risk his development of varicose veins also increases. In addition, it remains to add, that the presence of chronic liver disease is also considered as a factor predisposing to the development of varicose veins. Such diseases are cirrhosis, hepatitis, etc.
Taking into account the reasons causing varicose veins, do not be amiss to repeat the structural features of the veins of the lower extremities, although in a slightly different form we have already seen how the mechanism, which causes the development of this disease.
So, there are several systems of veins, a system of superficial veins great and small saphenous vein in this group, the deep venous system and the deep veins of the femur and tibia, as well as the large veins, which connect deep and superficial veins. In adequate conditions for the functioning of the outflow of blood from the legs is to ensure, through the deep venous system (90%) and through a system of superficial veins (respectively 10%). To ensure the movement of blood toward the heart and not in the opposite direction as the interest rate is due to the action of the valves in the middle of the walls of the veins. An important role and peculiarities of the contraction of the muscles, due to which also ensure adequate blood flow. Worst promotion of the blood is in the upright position, with the attendant inadequate or completely the movement of the muscles and their contraction. In this case, the congestion occurs, the pressure in the veins increases, causing their expansion. All this leads to valve failure, as well as the incomplete closure of the valve leaflets, which the blood moves in the wrong direction, from the heart.
The particular quick loss of the valves within the deep venous system, since they constitute the bulk of the load. Because of the abnormal process of blood circulation in deep veins are overloaded, due to increased blood volume. To achieve the reduction of excessive pressure, discharge of blood from the superficial veins, which can be achieved by bringing the process to communicate with the veins. The superficial veins of the system is not intended, when they take a significant amount of blood. For this reason, their walls reach a state of swelling, which is manifested in the formation of varices. At the same time, due to the fact that the greater the amount of blood it is still a move in the direction of deep veins valvular insufficiency develops to communicate with the veins, which is the horizontal circulation of deep and superficial vessels. Ultimately, underlying these processes will become chronic venous insufficiency, which is associated with, as well as marked swelling, pain and venous ulcers.
